Browsing by Author "Tomová, Anna"

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Evaluation of Effectiveness of Regional Airports in Central Europe by Data Envelope Analysis
(University of Zilina, 2013) Stryčeková, Ivana; Tomová, Anna
In the paper we evaluate economic efficiency of 20 regional airports in Central Europe (Bratislava capital airport including) within 2004 – 2010 using input oriented data envelope analysis (DEA) with constant return on scale to identify super efficiency score. The paper results contribute to airport economic benchmarking literature which is still insufficient just for airports of regional nature. Covering 12 economic inputs and outputs parameters our research revealed Bratislava airport as efficient all the period within the sample analyzed which may be subsequently used as a supportive argument when stating development strategy for Bratislava airport.
Identifikace faktorů konkurenceschopnosti Letiště Brno - Tuřany
(University of Žilina, 2025) Botterová, Chiara; Tomová, Anna
This paper focuses on the evaluation of regional airport competitiveness within the liberalized framework of the European air transport market. The main objective is to identify and assess the key factors determining the competitive position of Brno–Tuřany Airport, using a comparative analysis with Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review, nine relevant indicators were selected and quantified through a tailored competitiveness index, applied in both weighted and unweighted forms. The methodological framework enables a structured comparison of airport performance, accounting for both operational and infrastructural dimensions. The analysis reveals that Brno–Tuřany Airport demonstrates a higher level of competitiveness, particularly in terms of passenger traffic, destination network, terminal capacity, and engagement with charter carriers. In contrast, Ostrava Airport shows relative strengths in air cargo throughput and multimodal accessibility via rail transport. The results confirm the applicability of index-based approaches in capturing the multifaceted nature of airport competitiveness and offer a valuable tool for strategic planning and performance evaluation. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the dynamic character of airport markets and the importance of continuous investment and adaptability in infrastructure, connectivity, and service quality.
Implementation of artificial intelligence at airports
(University of Zilina, 2021) Jágerský, Martin; Tomová, Anna
This paper deals with the trend of implementation artificial intelligence systems at airports, its meaning and impact on the operational performance and functioning of the airports themselves. After summarizing the theoretical knowledge and examining the current state of the problem, there is created a raster of selected crucial operational processes of airports in which artificial intelligence has been implemented so far. The processing of this raster is based primarily on findings of the implementation of AI systems at five selected hub airports. In the paper, there is also examined a status and prospects of the implementation of artificial intelligence in the form of a questionnaire, especially at airports with a smaller number of handled passengers. This paper also discusses the operational and security implications of this implementation, such as faster check-in, easier baggage handling, easier traveling with biometric technologies, improved security controls at airports, improved operational performance with airport robots and more effective elimination of spreading the diseases at airports. The subject of possible economic and sociological consequences is also approached, due to the possible change in the nature of job from the point of view of airport employees and the creation of a certain kind of cooperation between them and artificial intelligence. The conclusions of this paper also include a proposal for a stronger representation of this area in the study program "air transport" with subsequent possible innovation or creation of new school subjects, in order to gain a deeper knowledge to new graduates in this field.
The importance of scheduled air traffic for airport existence
(University of Zilina, 2021) Hromcová, Martina; Tomová, Anna
The importance of scheduled air transport for the existence of airports is a topic that is constantly relevant, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, which has negatively affected operations at all world airports, disrupted its regularity and thus its direct and indirect effects on the region. This work focuses on airports dependent on the operation of scheduled air transport from several perspectives. After an initial study of the available literature on the importance of scheduled air transport for the existence of airports, we defined the terms demand and supply factors of the airport influencing scheduled air transport. One of the key parts of the work is the calculation of the critical number of airport movements, which represents the break even point in the amount of production in which the airport shows no loss but also no profit. The reasons for the abolition of scheduled air services, such as the occurrence of a military conflict near the airport or insufficient research of the demand for air traffic in the area, are described in the chapter analyzing European and global airports with canceled scheduled air traffic in individual case studies. The chapter also deals with the alternative uses of airports themselves, which were forced to terminate their function for the public. Airports and their equipment are highly specialized for use in air transport operations and therefore operators and their subsequent owners often face difficulties in finding alternative uses. An essential part of this work is an analysis of the response of selected European airports to the outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020 and a comparison of the number of passengers carried at these airports in 2019 and 2020. The final chapter contains a summary of findings and the call to change transport policies in the benefit of airports and their protection from future aviation pitfalls such as the Covid-19 pandemic.
International expansion of ground handling service providers at the airports
(University of Zilina, 2021) Hluško, Daniel; Tomová, Anna
The goal of this paper was to measure and assess the international expansion of independent ground handling providers. Based on the results of individual measurements, we can state that each of the five most important independent providers of groundhandling services selected by us has already undergone a significant international expansion, and thus currently prefers the service of foreign airports to domestic ones. Globalization and the liberalization of the entire aviation sector have largely contributed to this fact, mainly due to the unlocking of market entry and the creation of more favorable conditions on foreign markets. Among the secondary objectives we have included an analysis of the state of the ground handling sector together with an analysis of the European liberalization Directive 96/67 / EC and its impact on the European groundhandling market. The main findings were that for example prices for the provision of ground handling services fell more sharply, while the quality of services increased and the number of providers at airports generally increased, which helped to increase the market share of third-party ground handling providers. The motive for the elaboration of the paper was the outdatedness of previous studies aimed at assessing the international expansion of ground handling service providers. Another motive was the elaboration of a proposal for a measurement method with regard to the performance of providers in foreign markets. The paper presents individual calculations with current input data and classification of providers in terms of the shape of global expansion, taking into account the current ongoing global pandemic Covid-19
Komparácia konkurencieschopnosti leteckých dopravcov EÚ a ASEAN v konktexte novej bilaterálnej dohody o službách leteckejdopravy
(University of Žilina, 2024) Patková, Denisa; Tomová, Anna
The comparison of competitiveness of EU and ASEAN air carriers in the context of the new bilateral agreement on air transport services, thesis analyzes the agreement and also analyzes financial and operational indicators of selected airlines from both regions. Based on the collected data and evaluation of the results, i tis possible to idetify the factors that affect the competitiveness of these carriers and formulate recommendations to strengthen them.
KOMPARÁCIA MODELOV SPOPLATNENIA LETECKÝCH NAVIGAČNÝCH SLUŽIEB VO VYBRANÝCH KRAJINÁCH
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Dendisová, Mariana; Tomová, Anna
This paper describes basic principles of Air Navigation Service Charging. It follows ICAO’s recommendations on the subject and also describes charging system applied to Single European Sky, which is then compared to the charging system in four selected countries, which are not members of the European Union. Selected counties are United Arab Emirates, Nepal, Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Two comparative hypothetical flights are developed for each country in order to approximate the methods of calculating individual charges for given flights.
KONCEPT NÁRODNÉHO LETECKÉHO DOPRAVCU V SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE: VÝCHODISKÁ A POTENCIÁL
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Jakubík, Matúš; Tomová, Anna
Slovak Republic, as one of the few countries in the European Union, does not have its own flag carrier airline. Several domestic airlines tried to survive on the Slovak air transport market, however, the influence of various exogenous and internal factors led to their decline. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design a concept of an air carrier, taking into account the current market, in which it would have sufficient potential to establish itself. By examining the legislative framework relevant to the European Economic Area, this paper seeks to provide a conceptual overview of the various forms of subsidies in aviation, as a contribution to a more holistic understanding of an economic relationship between the carrier and the state. Based on a purposive sampling methodology for the selection of individual decisions of the European Commission, existing forms of subsidies and the possibility of their application for the proposed concept of an air carrier are identified and categorized. By constructively evaluating the analytical document prepared in 2018, the paper draws attention to the incomplete and irrelevant outputs of the "Analysis of the establishment of a national air carrier". These relate in particular to the carrier's financial management estimates, the proposed route network, the absence of an in-depth analysis of the end markets and the design of the air carrier's business model. Moreover, this paper examines the link between the air transport industry and macroeconomic indicators of Slovakia, and indicates the trends and identified consumer behavior of domestic passengers. The output of the performed analysis and observations is the design of a hybridized business model with predominant aspects of traditional air carriers. This business model specifies the nature of the services provided, the target segments of passengers, the network of routes and frequencies, horizontal cooperation with partner carriers, pricing policy, ownership structure and recommendations for the air carrier's fleet. This paper also identifies threats arising from the complex market environment, which is demonstrably influenced by the passive policy of the state in matters of air transport development. Among other things, it emphasizes the growing tendencies of competing carriers and the threat of adverse economic cycle changes. In connection with the threats, it outlines individual scenarios of their fulfillment and the risks, which the proposed air carrier should approach rationally.
Letiskové sloty a trhový mechanizmus
(University of Žilina, 2024) Suchanovský, Matúš; Tomová, Anna
The paper discusses the issue of airport slots and possible implementations of market mechanisms into the airport capacity allocation system. To understand the key facts related to slot allocation, it contains a basic theoretical definition. Subsequently, the paper focuses on slot allocation rules in the EU. The views from the literature on the introduction of a slot market mechanism in the EU are also confronted, with a focus on primary and secondary trading as well as on the possibilities of involving third parties in the trading system. Furthermore, experiences with airport slot trading in the UK and the US are described. Alternatives for future developments in the EU are also set out, with a focus on reform of the slot allocation system in the UK and the European Union. An evaluation of the findings is presented at the end of the paper.
MODELY PODNIKANIA LETECKÝCH SPOLOČNOSTÍ V AFRIKE
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Kožušník, Jozef; Tomová, Anna
This paper deals with the research of business models used by African airlines. The aim of this work is to approach the level and condition of air transport in Africa and examine the business models used by airlines, analyse the attributes of their business model, compare them and evaluate the most used business model. This thesis confirmed the presence of traditional, low-cost and regional business models of airlines, as well as hybridization of business models in Africa. Despite demonstrating a level of liberalization, bachelor thesis documents that the market of air transport services is still largely regulated and faces problems such as low demand and the inability to compete with large airlines from other continents.
Nízko-nákladové podnikanie leteckých dopravcov na dlhé vzdialenosti: úspešný a perspektívny model?
(University of Žilina, 2025) Tomová, Anna; Švancárová, Nikola
The paper discusses some costs and revenues aspects of long-haul low-cost business model of air carriers. The paper confims that the average lifespan of long-haul low-cost carriers has increased in time, supporting in this way the research of competitive advantage of such business model. According to the paper´s findings, existing long-haul low-cost carriers are differently hybridized, and therefore we can pronounce that there is more than one long-haul low-cost business model. In this regard, it is questionable whether the concept of long-haul low-cost carrier is proper in current academic terminology and whether the traditional classification of air carriers business models is still inspiring for academic esearch and managerial practise as well.
Perspektívy rozvoja obchodného letectva vo vybraných krajinách sveta
(University of Žilina, 2025) Senaj, Andrej Timotej; Tomová, Anna
This paper deals with the analysis of the prospects of business aviation in developing Asian countries, namely in India and the People's Republic of China. In the paper, a systematic overview of the current state of civil aviation and business aviation in both analyzed countries is presented, focusing on historical context, economic development, regulatory environment, airport infrastructure and commercial aviation segment. Particular attention is paid to the identification of stimulating and restrictive factors acting on the demand-side and supply-side that influence the development of business aviation. While India is mainly facing infrastructure, customs and tax barriers, in China, a major limitation is an airspace control and low flexibility of flight operations. At the same time, the paper formulates recommendations for policy and sectoral actors in order to create prerequisites for more efficient growth of business aviation, thereby contributing to the development of the business environment, regional connectivity and economic competitiveness of both countries.
Politika obstarania lietadiel leasingom podľa modelu podnikania leteckých dopravcov
(University of Žilina, 2024) Chynoranský, Jakub; Tomová, Anna
The paper analyses the possible dependence of airline business models and the ratio of aircraft acquired through leasing in their fleets. The research sample consisted of 15 airlines, with 4 categories of business models represented: low-cost (LCC), 2 hybrid and full-service network business model (FSC). Based on the results obtained, we can conclude the dependence of business models and leasing ratio in the case of research sample. The demonstrated dependence was confirmed in the analysis when the scale of the fleet was taken into account. The findings confirm the view of the authors describing the low-cost business model as the one with a higher tendency to acquire aircraft by leasing, and, on the contrary, the traditional network model with a lower tendency. However, unlike other authors' studies, we have shown that the increase in the proportion of leased aircraft in fleets over the 2018-2022 study period was experienced by carriers in all business model categories, and the rise in the leasing market was not driven by growth in one business model - FSC. We propose to include the ratio of leased aircraft in the airline fleet among the attributes of the business model analysis, but an important step is to consider fleet size. We recommend conducting a similar analysis on a wider sample of airlines and continuing to research this topic.
Regulatory framework for civil aviation between the EU and the UK after Brexit
(University of Zilina, 2021) Vereš, Maroš; Tomová, Anna
This paper deals with the topic of Brexit, and its objective is a complex description of the new regulatory framework of civil air transport in United Kingdom. The methods like description, analysis and synpaper were applied on extensive and diverse sources of information, e.g. case laws, regulations, studies or expert articles. The paper introduces a comprehensive set of facts that clarify the act of withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The explanation of the new regulatory framework of civil air transport for the United Kingdom, and its impact on the United Kingdom and the European Union, brings contribution to the students of Department of Air Transport. The significance of the work is mainly in the timeliness of the topic, that could subsequently be used as an educational material in the field of air transport within the international economic relations.
Společenská zodpovědnolst evropských leteckých společností v post-covidovém období
(University of Žilina, 2025) Maintoková, Aneta; Tomová, Anna
This article deals with the issue of corporate social responsibility of European airline companies. The main objective of the article is to analyze the approaches between traditional and low-cost carriers, focusing on the period before the pandemic, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The article focuses on a qualitative evaluation of the annual reports of twenty selected European companies. The research showed that traditional airline companies pay more attention to individual aspects of corporate responsibility and focus on all their areas from environmental initiatives to social and ethical efforts. In contrast, low-cost airline companies primarily focus on ecological efficiency and the reduction of emissions with the aim of cost optimization. The COVID-19 pandemic affected both spectrum and content of CSR activities, which were limited during the crisis period. After the pandemic, airline companies are once again placing greater emphasis on corporate social responsibility in their strategies. The article demonstrates that corporate social responsibility is no longer just a tool for improving the image of airline companies but is becoming a strategic part of their management. The conclusions of the article may contribute to a deeper understanding of the ways in which CSR can enhance the competitiveness of airline companies.
State aid to airports as a problem of competition in the EU
(University of Zilina, 2021) Furčáková, Stanislava; Tomová, Anna
The paper deals with the issues of state aid to airports in the context of pandemic and competition in the European Union. Covering the current pandemic, the paper brings findings on the number of state aid cases, forms of state aids, chronology of state aids, and the time duration between the notification and the decision of European Commission. In the conclusions, old member states of the European Union are compared with newer member states in this regard. As it shows that European Commission understands current aviation situation and approves measures notified by the Member states of Union.
Trhové stratégie v BA so zameraním na Spojené štáty americké
(University of Žilina, 2024) Bendík, Dávid; Tomová, Anna
This paper discusses market strategies in business aviation with a focus on the United States. The first part of the paper is devoted to the definition, origins, and historical evolution of business aviation. It also includes an appraisal of the global significance of BA with an emphasis on Europe and the United States. The second part of the paper explains why it is beneficial to analyse market strategies in BA in the United States. Close attention is given to two highly important market strategies. The third, practical part of the paper provides essential data on the nineteen business airlines discussed by the author, along with an analysis of their fleet structure. In this part, the paper also focuses on the market tenure of the individual BA companies, offers a comparative analysis of their product portfolios, investigates acquisitions and collaborations, and characterizes the United States business aviation segment using Porter’s Five Forces analysis. The last part of the paper is dedicated to the interpretation of the main findings. The analyses conducted in the paper were based on business airline websites, aviation internet magazine articles and a research website that concentrates on the business aviation sector.
WHICH FACTORS ARE BEHIND THE EXISTENCE OF REGIONAL AIR CARRIERS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES?
(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Tomová, Anna; Novák Sedláčková, Alena
This paper provides the design of two econometric models using the quantitative factors such as the existence of the low-cost carrier(s) in examined countries, GDP per capita, the area of countries, the number of inhabitants and other factors to answer the question which factors are behind the existence of regional air carriers in the EU´s member countries. One model (aimed at the existence of regional air carriers) was tested. The results of the test point to the necessity to work with the second version of the model in future. Such model would be aimed at the number of regional air carriers including also other variables (for instance old vs new member countries).