Žilinská univerzita v Žiline
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Item Riadenie rizík spojených s únavou člena posádky(University of Žilina, 2025) Barlík, Miroslav; Kandera, BranislavThis paper investigates crew fatigue risk management in aviation, analyzing legislative frameworks from ICAO, EASA, and Slovak authorities. It explores Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) as a data-driven alternative to prescriptive flight time limitations. A case study on Žilina Airportevaluates bio-mathematical models, identifying FAID Standard as the optimal solution due to its simplicity, affordability, and suitability for smallscale operations. The study proposes a cost-effective FRMS implementation, offering practical recommendations to enhance aviation safety at regional airports.Item Overenie metodiky merania poklesu výkonnosti pri únave(University of Žilina, 2025) Rimarčík, Timotej; Kandera, BranislavFatigue is a critical factor in aviation safety, contributing significantly to human error. This study aimed to validate a methodology for measuring performance decline due to fatigue, using both objective and subjective approaches. Eight university students participated in a two-day measurement involving psychomotor vigilance tests (PVT) for reaction time and self-assessment on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Sleep duration was reduced to induce acute sleep disruption. Results demonstrated a measurable decline in cognitive performance, particularly on the second day following reduced sleep. A moderate positive correlation was found between subjective and objective measurements, confirming the validity of the dual-measurement approach. The study highlights the negative impact of sleep deprivation on performance and supports the methodology’s potential use in human performance education within aviation.Item Využitie satelitnej navigácie bezpilotnými prostriedkami(University of Žilina, 2025) Rychvalský, Jakub; Kandera, BranislavThis thesis investigates the application of satellite navigation in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), with a focus on the influence of urban environments on navigation accuracy. The research analyzes the effects of signal obstruction caused by buildings and other structures, leading to positioning deviations. The experimental part involves real-world drone flights in urban areas, comparing the performance of UAVs equipped with standard and advanced GNSS receivers. Results demonstrated significant signal degradation in both cases, adversely affecting navigation precision. The thesis concludes by proposing mitigation strategies, including the integration of multiple GNSS constellations, pre-flight monitoring of satellite availability and geomagnetic conditions, the use of multipath-resistant antennas, and the adoption of AI-enhanced navigation systems.Item Alternatívne protizrážkové systémy v civilnom letectve(University of Žilina, 2025) Tabernaus, Richard; Kandera, BranislavThe article describes various alternative and traditional anti-collision avoidance systems in civil aviation. This article focuses on experimental measurements of the reliability of the PCAS system in the mountainous terrain around the city Žilina. Article also contains a technical description of the system and outlines the coverage of Slovak airspace by the secondary surveillance radar. Finally, the article evaluates the PCAS system and supports its implementation under specific conditions into the operation of LVVC during training flights to improve situational awareness and safety.Item Integrácia bezpilotných leteckých systémov(University of Žilina, 2025) Valášek, Denis; Kandera, Branislav; Nichtová, RadoslavaThis article explores the integration of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) into civil airspace, focusing on collision avoidance technologies and remote identification systems. As drone operations expand, ensuring safety and interoperability becomes essential. The study reviews systems such as TCAS, ACAS, ADS-B, and FLARM, and highlights their adaptability for UAS. EU regulations 2019/947 and 2019/945 are addressed with regard to Remote ID requirements. Practical testing of Dronetag Beacon Gen. 2 and Aerobits TR-1F at Žilina Airport demonstrated accurate and stable data transmission, confirming their suitability for UAS integration. The findings underline the need for both technological innovation and regulatory alignment to safely merge manned and unmanned traffic.Item Analýza prevádzkových rizík UAV(University of Žilina, 2024) Cuker, Alex; Kandera, BranislavThis article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the operational risks associated with the use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). The introductory section discusses the rapid development of UAS technology and the legislative framework governing their use, including the introduction of a UAS park at the University of Žilina. The main part of the article is dedicated to assessing the risks associated with UAS operations, where efforts were made to identify and consider all possible factors affecting safety. Challenges associated with rapidly changing technologies and external factors underscore the need for ongoing development and refinement of risk assessment methodologies, such as the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) developed by EASA, which was applied in this article. The work provides a foundation for creating a SORA analysis, essential for obtaining permissions for flights in the "specific" category.Item Prevádzková bezpečnosť bezpilotných prostriedkov s elektrickým pohonom(University of Žilina, 2024) Kalafut, Lukáš; Kandera, BranislavThe increasing adoption of electrically powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has raised concerns about their operational safety, particularly with regards to battery technology. Lithium-based batteries, commonly used in UAVs, pose unique safety challenges due to their potential for thermal runaway, overcharging, and physical damage. The aim of this paper is to investigate the operational safety of electrically powered UAVs, with a particular focus on their battery systems. Theoretical part discusses basic types of UAVs, their electric propulsion system and the different types of batteries used in UAVs, in particular their advantages and disadvantages as well as their composition. Then, the paper also briefly explores and introduces BMS technology and its functions. In the last section of this paper, we look at the principles and practices of proper battery handling.Item Vývoj prístrojového vybavenia lietadiel všeobecného letectva(University of Žilina, 2024) Uhríková, Peregrína; Kandera, BranislavThe bachelor's thesis is devoted to the development of general aviation aircraft instrumentation. It contains a detailed description of the principle of operation of individual elements of the analog instrument panel. The separate text is supplemented with pictorial material, where the structural part of the instrument elements is drawn in detail, thanks to which the reader can better understand the principle of work of the mentioned aircraft instruments. The next part of the work specifies the transition to digital instrument panels and it lists the advantages and disadvantages of the modern cockpit, as well as the reasons why general aircraft designers switch to the new instrument panel concept, the so-called glass cockpit. The elements of the digital instrument panel are characterized in the next part of the thesis, which describes individual types of display units – CRT, LCD and LED. It also deals with the individual elements that are found in digital instrument panels and also describes in more detail the MEMS technology that is the basis for the function of the modern cockpit concept. The bachelor´s thesis also deals with the historical development of the layout of the instrument panel and familiarizes the reader with the difference in visualization of information on individual instrument panels. This part of the work is supplemented with visual material, through which it is possible to become better acquainted with the display of data on the traditional and modern type of cockpit. The aim of the work is to create study material for students of the field focused on air transport and an interactive presentation for familiarization with the basic control of the Dynon SkyView digital instrument panel. The thesis also contains the methodology and methodology of the work, which defines what research methods were used in the thesis.Item Enhancing safety in glider flights(University of Žilina, 2023) Gánovský, Martin; Kandera, BranislavThe theme of paper is to find out new possibilities in safety improvements during sailplanes flights, focusing primarily on flights when the separation with other traffic is reduced. At the beginning a summary of glider evolution across the centuries is made starting with the interwar period to the shapes that we know from the latest exhibitions. First part of the paper is followed by the analysis of the current available technical measurements which enhance safety and reduce the probability of in-flight collisions during various phases of flight, including latest and most modern technical implementations used by glider operators to enhance the safety of themselves and others. We will also look up for any available legislative rules based both on national civil authority regulations defined by state itself and for regulations that were created by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) which covers most of glider competitions organized world-wide. In practical part we followed our thoughts about how to improve the current situation in this part of the aviation industry. In following steps, we decided to ask the glider pilots about their personal experience with reduced separation caused by nearby gliders during different phases of operations. Generally, there is a huge number of mid-air collisions during sailplane competitions and flight phases where pilots are crossing each other by minimal separation (mountain ridge flying). We decided to suggest minor legislative regulations and technical implementations to improve current situation world-wide and make these flights as safe as possible with minimizing of future incidents.Item Deployment of enviro system for obtaining geospatial data for forest monitoring and improving forest management and protection(University of Žilina, 2022) Materna, Matúš; Novák, Andrej; Badánik, Benedikt; Kandera, BranislavPaper describes deployment of ENVIRO System used for obtaining geospatial data for forest monitoring and improving forest anagement. Two main parts of ENVIRO system – Aerial segment and ground segment are described based of their construction and installation. Paper also describes functionality of the system in terms of data collection, processing and evaluation using ENVIRO System solution in real life deployment.