Záchrana na zamrznutých vodných plochách: štandardy, prax a možnosti zlepšenia výcviku

Abstract

This article examines rescue operations on frozen freshwater surfaces, with particular emphasis on the procedures of the Fire and Rescue Corps in the Slovak Republic. It outlines the physical characteristics of ice formation, the factors influencing ice stability, and the risks associated with insufficient load-bearing capacity. Attention is given to personal protective equipment (PPE), rescue tools, and safety measures essential for both rescuers and casualties. The author describes specific intervention methods, including approach strategies, techniques for extricating a person from icy water, and the subsequent provision of first aid. The article also discusses the role of training, preparedness, and situational awareness in minimising operational risks. The aim of the paper is to provide a practical overview of rescue tactics and to highlight the importance of prevention, education, and the systematic development of rescue capabilities. The conclusions emphasise that effective rescue operations depend not only on technical equipment and procedures but also on the physical fitness, readiness, and coordination of the rescuers.